The entry requirement for Spaniards to a course of study is the certificate awarded upon succesful completion of secondary education (Bachillerato Unificado Polivalente - BUP) and the completion of a one-year introductory course (Curso de Orientacion Universitaria - COU). Although admission to higher education is also possible by other means (secondary stage vocational training for certain Escuelas Universitarias, special examinations for people over 25 years of age), the vast majority of students choose this way. In general, lectures take place from October to June (which represents the academic year).

The situation with regard to admission to higher education institutions is very varied: at times the difference between various subject areas at one and the same institution of higher education is even more extreme because of the differing demand for certain courses of study. For some courses (medicine, dentistry, veterinary medicine and certain engineering branches), fierce competition may exist.

According to the regulations in force, a 5% quota is reserved for foreign students at institutions of higher education where admissions are limited. It must, however, be noted that Royal Decree 943/86 of 9 May 1986 established the principle of equal treatment for students from other European Union Member States and Spanish students as far as admission to higher education institutions is concerned.